TOEFL & IELTS受験者必見！
人間関係を表現するための40の表現
佐藤さんは石川さんをアメリカ人の先生に紹介したいのですが、どう伝えればよいのか分かりません。佐藤さんと石川さんは知り合って１５年が経ちます。
彼らは友人ですか？もちろん”friend”は関係を説明するのに使える言葉ですが、彼らにとって”friend”は十分ではありません。
“buddy”はどうでしょうか？んー、聞こえは良いですが、佐藤さんにとって石川さんは相棒以上のように感じます。彼らは一緒に勉強し、一緒に難関試験に合格し、一緒に就活をし、また一緒に内定をもらいました。ではどの言葉が彼らの関係を説明するのに適切でしょうか？
では “comrade-in-arms”はどうでしょうか?
時々、TOEFLやIELTSのライティングやスピーキングにおいて、受験者は自分と身内の人間の関係や、何か特別な経験をともにした友人との関係を、より正しく表現することが問われます。もし受験者が”friend”や”buddy”のような単語のみを使用した場合、それではその関係を際立たせることができません。ここでは、人間関係を表現するための40の表現を紹介します。
それでは、英語を英語で理解し、例文と画像で覚えましょう！
01 acquaintance 知人 知り合い
It means you know this person superficially. Maybe you know who he is but you can’t remember his name. For example, when you see your neighbor, you know he is from Europe and living next to you. He looks handsome but you don’t know any further information.
**(用例)**I made an acquaintance with this guy two months ago and yesterday he proposed to me!
私は二か月前にこの人と知り合いました、そしてなんと、昨日私にプロポーズしてきたんです！
02 alumni 校友 卒業生
It means this person used to study at a certain school, such as yours.
**(用例)**The International Office in our school plans to invite some outstanding alumni to our career forum.
私たちの学校の国際課は何人かの優秀な卒業生をキャリアフォーラムに招待するらしい。
03 ancestor 先祖 祖先
It means someone you descended from, usually many generations ago. By the way, your grandparents cannot be called “ancestor”, for sure.
**(用例)**Our ancestors made great achievements that still motivate us today.
私たちの先祖は、現代に生きる私たちをも刺激するような素晴らしい成功を作り上げた。
04 apprentice 徒弟 初心者
It means someone is learning a skill or craft from an experienced teacher/master. For example, a young guy called Takashima is learning from his master Nakamura-san how to cut hair. Then we can say Takashima-san is an apprentice of Nakamura-san.
**(用例)**Tommy, my apprentice, is full of talent but too lazy.
私の見習いであるトミーは才能に優れているが、とても怠け者だ。
05 better half つれあい (特に)妻
We usually use “better half” in spoken English. It means someone’s partner in marriage.
**(用例)**Linda is my better half.
リンダは私の妻だ。
06 boss ボス 親分 支配者
I guess you already knew this word right? Yes, the CEO of a company can be your boss; the person who manages you can be your boss; and, your bad-tempered girlfriend can also be your boss 
**(用例)**My boss is such a young lady that when I saw her at the first time, I thought she was an intern!
私のボスはとても若いため、初めて見た時はインターン生だと思っていた。
07 buddy 兄弟 相棒
“Buddy” is a very casual word. It means a close friend, closer than an acquaintance.
(用例)Heres your Christmas present, buddy.
これが君のクリスマスプレゼントだよ、相棒。
08 classmate 同級生 同じクラスで学ぶ生徒
Very clear word, “class” + “mate”. It means you and this person studied or are studying in the same class.
**(用例)**Mary, my classmate, finally becomes a successful artist.
私のクラスメイトのマリーはついに芸術家として成功した。
09 coach 指導員
Well, here I don’t mean the bag brand, but the person who trains you in something. For example, Hoshikawa-san is a middle-aged man, he teaches you how to play basketball and tells you what a brave guy you should be. He is very strict, but you know, he is also very professional. He is your coach.
**(用例)**Our coach is always strict but we all know he is a good person.
私たちのコーチはいつも厳しいが、彼が良い人だということは全員分かっている。
10 colleague 同僚
It means the one you work with. He can be a boring and strict man, or, she can be an energetic and lovely lady 
You are familiar with them in work.
(用例)Daichi is discussing on how to do the coming monthly presentation with his colleagues.
大地どのように月次報告をするか同僚と話し合っている。
11 companion 仲間 友
It means one who lives with you or does things with you. The guy who travels with you for 3 days can be your “companion”. The dog who grows up with you can also be your “companion”.
(用例)You are my best companion.
君は僕の一番の仲間だ。
12 comrade-in-arms 戦友
Well, personally I like this word. You guys are far beyond friend or buddy. Rather, you guys devote yourself in chasing your dreams together, achieve something together, or even compete with others together.
(用例)We view each other as comrade-in-arms.
私たちはお互いを戦友として見ている。
13 confidant 腹心の友 親友
This is to describe a very close friend. You guys share secrets. You guys also affect each other’s private life.
(用例) Lucy is the closest confidant that Bonny has.
ルーシーはボニーの一番仲の良い親友だ。
14 couple 特に夫婦 二人
It means two people who live together.
(用例)Ive known this lovely couple for more than 10 years.
私はこの素敵な夫婦と10年以上知り合いだ。
15 coworker 協力者
Coworker means the person who works for the same company as you do. Particularly, he is from another branch or department. You guys are not familiar with each other.
(用例)I need to discuss this plan with my coworkers from other departments since we havent talk with each other yet.
まだ話せていないため、私は他の部署にいる同僚とこのプランについて話し合う必要がある。
16 crush 一時のべたぼれ のぼせあがりの相手
It means you suddenly fell in love with this guy (but he even may not know who you are) and you are addicted to his face, his voice, his everything. But a crush is a crush, it usually doesn’t last long. After a certain period, you will treat him like a normal person.
(用例)I had a crush on you but now I dont want to see you anymore.
私はあなたに惚れていたわ。でももう二度と見たくない。
17 enemy 敵 敵軍
Well, of course, you don’t like this person. You guys have different positions and opinions. But maybe you respect each other?
(用例)Ill never forgive my enemy!
私は自分の敵を絶対に許さない。
18 fellow 男 (主に男性の)仲間
Usually, it means a person who frequently does something with you.
(用例) My fellow will always help me.
僕の仲間はいつでも手伝ってくれるでしょう。
19 folk 皆さん 家族
It means people in general or people who have a common ancestor.
(用例)My folks can always raise me up.
私の家族はいつも力づけてくれる。
20 frenemy 友を装う敵 ライバルと同時に友である者
This word is a combination of “friend” and “enemy”. It means the person is actually your enemy but he pretends to be your friend.
(用例)Sometimes you think someone is your friend, but in fact, she is your frenemy.
時々、あなたは友達だと思っていても、実は彼女はライバルであったりもする。
21 half-brother 異母兄 腹違いの兄
It means you guys are brothers but you have different mothers.
**(用例)**Jason and Jack are half-brothers but they have a great relationship.
ジェイソンとジャックは異母兄弟だが、とても仲がいい。
22 intimate 親友
It means familiar friends. The friend knows your private business.
**(用例)**These old photos remind me of the invaluable time with my intimates.
これらの古い写真は、親友との貴重な時間を私に思い出させる
23 landlord 主人 亭主 家主
You go to City X for study and rent a house from Yoshino-san. Now, Yoshino-san is the landlord.
**(用例)**The landlord quoted a heavy price as rent.
その地主は家賃として、多額な金額を見積もった。
24 lover 恋人 愛人
Wow, a sweet word. I guess I don’t need to explain this word?
**(用例)**Susan is a secret lover of mine.
スーザンは私の秘密の愛人だ。
25 mentor 良き指導者 教師
It means someone who guides you or advises you to do something.
**(用例)**As a mentor I always tell my students what is the role of a mentor.
指導者として、私は常に生徒に何が指導者の役割なのか伝えている。
26 partner 仲間 協力者 相手
A person who shares common interest with you or lives together with you.
**(用例)**As business partners, we trust each other.
私たちはビジネスパートナーとして、お互いに信頼している。
27 posterity 後世の人々 子孫
Means future generations.
**(用例)**Beethoven left his name to posterity.
ベートーベンは、後世の人々に名をのこした。
28 predecessor 前任者 先輩
Usually means a person who had the same job or position before you.
**(用例)**In the years before he took the job, his predecessor was considered ineffective.
彼が仕事に就く何年か前は、彼の前任者は効果的でないと考えられた。
29 protege 被保護者 子分
It means someone you protect and support as a mentor.
**(用例)**The young guy learned much as a protege of his manager.
その若い男は彼の子分として多くのことを学んだ。
30 relative 親類
A person who is related by blood or marriage to you.
**(用例)**The young female was not allowed to travel long distances without the company of a blood relative.
若い女性は親族の同伴なしでは長旅をすることが許可されていなかった。
31 sisterhood 姉妹であること 姉妹関係 姉妹の道
The relationship between sisters.
**(用例)**Yui and Rio quickly knew their sisterhood would never fade.
結衣と莉緒は、姉妹であったという事実は消せないとすぐに分かった。
32 soulmate 気の合う人 心の友
Nice word. It means you guys really understand each other although you guys may be quite different.
**(用例)**Its not hard to find a girlfriend or boyfriend but its never easy to find a soulmate.
彼女や彼氏を見つけることはそんなに難しくはないが、気の合う友人を見つけることは簡単ではない。
33 spouse 配偶者
Means your partner in marriage
(用例) That man and his spouse spent their honey-moon on an island.
その男とその配偶者は、ハネムーンをある島で過ごした。
34 stakeholder 利害関係者 賭け金の保管人
You can see this word as shareholder, or the person who has an investment or interest in something.
**(用例)**Make sure you consider our stakeholders every time you want to change something.
あなたが何か変更をするときは、私たちの利害関係者のことを考えなければいけないということを覚えておきなさい。
35 subordinate 従属者 部下 属官
Means the person who obeys you or has a lower rank than you.
**(用例)**The boss doesnt view these young guys as his subordinates but as comrade-in-arms.
その上司は若い人たちのことを部下だとは思わず、戦友だと考えている。
36 sweetheart 恋人 いとしい人
Umm, another sweet word. You can say this word to the person you love ardently.
**(用例)**Oh my sweetheart you never know how much I love you.
あぁ、愛しい人よ、あなたは私がどれだけ愛しているか分かることはないでしょう。
37 sworn brother 義兄弟
You guys don’t have a blood relationship, but you guys are more like real brothers.
**(用例)**Sometimes a sworn brother is even better than a blood brother.
時々、義兄弟は血のつながった兄弟より、優しいことがある。
38 sworn enemy 怨敵 一生の敵
The guy took your lover away-he is your sworn enemy. The guy damaged your hometown-he is your sworn enemy. The guy carried away your beloved cow-he is your sworn enemy. You swear that you will punish him-he is your sworn enemy.
**(用例)**John is my sworn enemy. I hate him!
ジョンは私の一生の敵だ。彼が憎い！
39 tenant 借用者 借家人 借地人
Oh personally I don’t like this word. You rend a house from Fukuhara-san, you owe him. You are the tenant.
**(用例)**The tenant paid the rent on time.
借用者は期日通りに家賃を支払った。
40 tutor 家庭教師 指導教員 後見人
This person gives you private advice and training. He is your private teacher.
**(用例)**The tutor is highly experienced in teaching young professionals.
そのチューターは優秀な若い人たちの指導において非常に経験がある。
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(The KOTOBA Team 編集部)
